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《Vaccine》2022,40(41):5997-6000
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine administration started in February 2021 in Japan. As of December 2021, approximately 75% of the population aged ≥12 years had received two doses of vaccine. We conducted a study to investigate vasovagal reactions (VVR) after COVID-19 vaccination using data on adverse events following immunization. The crude reporting rate of VVR (cases/1,000,000 doses) after vaccination was 9.6 in all age groups combined, and was more frequent in the younger age groups: 28.6 and 37.2 in individuals aged 10–19 years and 20–29 years, respectively. In individuals aged 10–29 years, the rate was similar in males and females (33.0 and 34.2, respectively, p = 0.53); but was higher after dose 1 than after dose 2 (57.4 and 8.8, respectively, p < 0.001). Based on these results, caution needs to be exercised when vaccinating adolescents and young adults, especially with dose 1 of COVID-19 vaccines. 相似文献
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Qianlai Luo Jonathan N. Hofmann Ruth M. Pfeiffer Cari M. Kitahara Minkyo Song Meredith S. Shiels 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2023,153(1):64-72
In the United States, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence and the prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for RCC, have been increasing for several decades. RCC is more common among older individuals. We sought to quantify the contribution of excess adiposity to the rising incidence of RCC among individuals 60 years or older. National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study data (n = 453 859 participants, enrolled in 1995-1996, age at enrollment 50-71 years) were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for RCC across body mass index categories and HRs associated with smoking. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated using estimated HRs and annual overweight/obesity prevalence from the National Health Interview Survey (1985-2008). PAF estimates were combined with RCC incidence from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-13 to calculate annual percent changes in RCC incidence attributable (and unrelated) to overweight/obesity. We found that between 1995 and 2018, among individuals aged 60 years and older, PAF for overweight/obesity increased from 18% to 29% for all RCCs. In comparison, the PAF for smoking declined from 12% to 9%. RCC incidence increased 1.8% per year (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5%-2.1%) overall, while RCC incidence attributable to overweight/obesity increased 3.8% per year (95%CI 3.5%-4.2%) and RCC incidence unrelated to overweight/obesity increased 1.2% per year (95% CI 0.9%-1.4%). In conclusion, overweight/obesity appears to have contributed importantly to the rising incidence of RCC in the United States since the mid-1990s. Public health interventions focused on reducing overweight and obesity could help substantially in curbing this trend. 相似文献
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Andrea Ferrari MD Daniel Orbach MD Michela Casanova MD Max M. van Noesel MD Pablo Berlanga MD Bernadette Brennan MD Nadege Corradini MD Reineke A. Schoot MD Gema L. Ramirez-Villar MD Lisa Lyngsie Hjalgrim MD Rita Alaggio MD Gabriela Guillen Burrieza MD Akmal Safwat MD Alison L. Cameron MD Rick R. van Rijn MD Veronique Minard-Colin MD Ilaria Zanetti BSc Gianni Bisogno MD Julia C. Chisholm MD Johannes H. M. Merks MD 《Cancer》2023,129(16):2542-2552
Background
Limited data exist on the clinical behavior of pediatric non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) with distant metastases at onset, and a clear standard of care has not yet been defined.Methods
This cohort study reports on pediatric adult-type metastatic NRSTS enrolled in two concurrent prospective European studies, i.e., the randomized BERNIE study and the single-arm MTS 2008 study developed by the European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group. Treatment programs were originally designed for patients with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma, i.e., nine courses of multidrug chemotherapy (with or without bevacizumab in the BERNIE study), followed by 12 cycles of maintenance therapy, whereas radiotherapy and/or surgery (on primary tumor and/or metastases) were delayed until after seven courses of chemotherapy had been administered.Results
The study included 61 patients <21 years old treated from July 2008 to December 2016. The lung was the site of metastases in 75% of the cases. All patients received multi-agent chemotherapy, 44% had local therapy to primary tumor, and 18% had treatment of metastases. Median time to progression/relapse was 6 months. A high rate of tumor progression was observed during the initial part of the chemotherapy program. With a median follow-up of 41.5 months (range, 2–111 months), 3-year event-free survival and overall survival were 15.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6–25.7) and 34.9% (95% CI, 22.7–47.5), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in outcome depending on the type of treatment administered.Conclusions
The study confirmed the overall poor outcome for patients with metastatic NRSTS, whose treatment remains a challenge.Plain Language Summary
- Pediatric non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas form a heterogeneous group of rare tumors.
- Although recent international studies have defined the standard of care for patients with localized disease, limited data are available on the clinical behavior of patients with distant metastases.
- This study on 61 metastatic cases treated on two prospective European protocols confirms that the chances of survival of such patients are often dismal and a standard treatment is still lacking.
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Clemens Drenowatz Klaus Greier 《Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports》2019,29(6):854-861
The beneficial associations of physical activity (PA) and sports with motor competence have been well documented. Similarly, high media time has been associated with poor motor competence. Limited information, however, is available on the combined effects of sport participation and media consumption on motor competence. The present study followed 213 Austrian middle‐school students (57% male; age at baseline: 10.4 ± 0.6 years) over a 4‐year period. Annual assessments included the German Motor Test 6‐18, along with self‐reported participation in club sports, time spent watching TV and using the computer. There were no interaction effects between sports participation and media time on motor competence. Club sports participation, however, was associated with higher motor competence, while there was an inverse association between media time and motor competence. Further, motor competence affected future participation in club sports while club sports had limited effects on subsequent motor development. High media time, on the other hand, impaired subsequent motor development, while effects of motor competence on media time were limited. Taken together, these results emphasize the importance of motor competence in the facilitation of sports participation during adolescence. Accordingly, a wide variety of movement experiences should be provided at young ages to promote motor development. In addition, the detrimental effects of media time on motor competence warrant that sedentary behaviors are targeted separately, particularly in youth not participating in sports. 相似文献
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Tatiana Elghossain Sarah Bott Chaza Akik Hala Ghattas Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer 《The Journal of adolescent health》2019,64(1):8-19
Purpose
This article presents a systematic review of the prevalence of violence against adolescents in the 22 countries of the Arab League.Methods
Data on physical and emotional child maltreatment, sexual abuse, bullying and fighting, violence in schools, and intimate partner violence against adolescent girls were retrieved using: (1) a systematic search for peer-reviewed journal articles using Medline and the Social Sciences Citation Index; and (2) a search for nationally-representative, population-based surveys.Results
Published evidence suggests that physical, sexual, and emotional violence against adolescents is widespread in the Arab region. In many studies, prevalence rates exceeded other regional or global estimates, including rates of violent discipline, fighting, and intimate partner violence against adolescent girls. Data on certain forms of violence (e.g. violent discipline) are available from many Arab countries; but data on other forms, e.g., sexual abuse, are scarce. Most peer-reviewed journal articles are based on small studies with diverse operational definitions and methods, making comparisons challenging.Conclusions
High rates of violence against adolescents in the region merit greater attention from policy makers concerned with determinants of adolescent health. There is also a need to expand and improve the quality of quantitative and qualitative research on violence against adolescents in the region. 相似文献10.
Background: Studies have demonstrated inconsistent results regarding the association between video gaming time and substance use in teenagers. Understating intricacies of this association can help with substance use reduction in teenagers. Objectives: This study aimed to untangle this complex relationship by theorizing and examining a U-shaped association. Methods: We analyzed two large samples (n1 = 7313 [52.5% female] and n2 = 8079 [51.6% female]) of 8th and 10th graders in the United States. Substance use was operationalized as the sum of self-reported number of lifetime use instances of 14 unprescribed substances. Video game use time (hours per week) was self-reported on a 1 (none) to 9 (40+) scale. Common covariates/risk factors were included. Results: Consistently across datasets, partial-correlation between squared video gaming time and substance use (r?=?.10, p?<?.001 in 2014 and r?=?.08, p?<?.001 in 2015) supported the hypothesized u-shaped association. Analysis of covariance revealed that teenagers playing video games for 1–5?h a week report on significantly fewer instances of substance use compared with non-gamers (p?<?.001–.007). Post hoc analyses revealed that those who play at least 30?h per week report on significantly (p?<?.001) more instances of substance use (3.92 in 2014 and 3.38 in 2015) compared with teenagers playing video games for 1–5?h a week (2.17 in 2015 and 1.96 in 2015). Conclusions: Video gaming time and substance use follow a u-shaped association; light video gaming can be protective in terms of substance use, while too much video gaming is associated with increased substance use. 相似文献